Authors/Ockham/Summa Logicae/Book II/Chapter 36

Latin	English
[2.36 DE PROPOSITIONE HYPOTHETICA, QUAE POTEST VOCARI LOCALIS]	36: On the Hypothetical Proposition that can be Called Local
Propositio hypothetica localis potest vocari illa quae componitur ex pluribus categoricis, coniunctis mediante adverbio locali vel aliquo aequivalente ei, qualis est ista 'accidens est, ubi suum subiectum est' et ista 'Christus patiebatur, ubi praedicavit'.	A hypothetical proposition can be called local, which is composed of several categoricals joined by an intermediary adverb of place or something equivalent to it, of which sort is 'an accident is where its subject is' and 'Christ suffered where he preached'.
Ad veritatem talis hypotheticae requiritur veritas utriusque partis et pro eodem loco vel pro diverso. Et in hoc differt a temporali, quia ad veritatem temporalis requiritur veritas utriusque partis pro eodem tempore vel pro diverso, ad veritatem autem localis requiritur veritas utriusque partis pro eodem loco vel pro diverso.	For the truth of such a hypothetical proposition there is required the truth of each part for the same place or for a different place. And in this it differs from a temporal proposition, because for the truth of a temporal proposition is required the truth of both for the same time or for a different time, but for the truth of a local proposition is required the truth of both parts be true for the same place or for a different place.
Est tamen sciendum quod tempus large accipitur pro tempore proprie dicto et pro aeternitate sive negatione temporis. Quod qualiter habeat intelligi, alibi expositum est, super IV Physicorum et super II Sententiarum. Hoc autem dico pro talibus propositionibus 'Deus fuit, antequam mundus fuit' et huiusmodi.	Yet it should be known that 'time' is taken broadly for time properly speaking and for eternity or for the negation of time. How this has to be understood is explained elsewhere, on Physics IV and Sentences II. I mention this because of such propositions as 'God existed before the world existed', and so on.
Per praedicta de propositione temporali patet quid dicendum est de propositione locali, quia omnia, vel fere, quae dicuntur de temporali, possunt proportionaliter dici de locali.	From the previous points on the temporal proposition it is clear what should be said about the local proposition, because all the things, or almost all, that are said of the temporal proposition can correspondingly be said of the local proposition.
Per praedicta etiam de propositionibus hypotheticis praenominatis potest faciliter sciri quid sentiendum est de aliis hypotheticis, si quae sint. Cuiusmodi forte sunt tales 'albedo est in Sorte, in quo non est nigredo', 'Deus est a quo sunt omnia' et huiusmodi. Tales tamem possunt reduci ad copulativam.	Also from the previous points about the hypothetical propositions named above it can easily be known what should be judged about other hypothetical propositions, if there are any. Perhaps the following propositions are such: 'whiteness is in Socrates, in whom there is no blackness', 'God exists, from whom all things exist', and so on. However, such propositions can be reduced to a copulative proposition.