Authors/Aristotle/metaphysics/l5/c10

Chapter 10 Opposite

Greek	Latin	English
ἀντικείμενα λέγεται ἀντίφασις καὶ τἀναντία καὶ τὰ πρός τι καὶ στέρησις καὶ ἕξις καὶ ἐξ ὧν καὶ εἰς ἃ ἔσχατα αἱ γενέσεις καὶ φθοραί:	Opposita dicuntur contradictio et contraria et ad ali↵quid et privatio et habitus et ex quibus et ad quae ultima, ut generationes et corruptiones;	Chapter 10. The term opposite is applied to contradictories, and to contraries, and to relative terms, and to privation and possession, and to the extremes from which and into which generation and dissolution take place;
καὶ ὅσα μὴ ἐνδέχεται ἅμα παρεῖναι τῷ ἀμφοῖν δεκτικῷ, ταῦτα ἀντικεῖσθαι λέγεται ἢ αὐτὰ ἢ ἐξ ὧν ἐστίν. φαιὸν γὰρ καὶ λευκὸν ἅμα τῷ [25] αὐτῷ οὐχ ὑπάρχει: διὸ ἐξ ὧν ἐστὶν ἀντίκειται.	et quaecumque non contingunt simul adesse amborum susceptibili, haec opponi dicuntur aut ipsa aut ex quibus sunt. Nam pallidum et album simul eidem ↵ non insunt; propter quod ex quibus sunt opponuntur hiis.	and the attributes that cannot be present at the same time in that which is receptive of both, are said to be opposed, – either themselves of their constituents. Grey and white colour do not belong at the same time to the same thing; hence their constituents are opposed.
ἐναντία λέγεται τά τε μὴ δυνατὰ ἅμα τῷ αὐτῷ παρεῖναι τῶν διαφερόντων κατὰ γένος, καὶ τὰ πλεῖστον διαφέροντα τῶν ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ γένει, καὶ τὰ πλεῖστον διαφέροντα τῶν ἐν ταὐτῷ δεκτικῷ, καὶ τὰ πλεῖστον διαφέροντα τῶν ὑπὸ τὴν αὐτὴν [30] δύναμιν, καὶ ὧν ἡ διαφορὰ μεγίστη ἢ ἁπλῶς ἢ κατὰ γένος ἢ κατ᾽ εἶδος.	Contraria dicuntur quae non possunt simul adesse eidem differentium secundum genus, et quae plurimum differunt eorum quae sunt in eodem genere, et quae plurimum differunt eo quod in eodem susceptibili, et quae plurimum differunt ƿ ↵ eorum quae sunt sub eadem potestate, et quorum differentia maxima aut simpliciter aut secundum genus aut secundum speciem.	The term contrary is applied (1) to those attributes differing in genus which cannot belong at the same time to the same subject, (2) to the most different of the things in the same genus, (3) to the most different of the attributes in the same recipient subject, (4) to the most different of the things that fall under the same faculty, (5) to the things whose difference is greatest either absolutely or in genus or in species.
τὰ δ᾽ ἄλλα ἐναντία λέγεται τὰ μὲν τῷ τὰ τοιαῦτα ἔχειν, τὰ δὲ τῷ δεκτικὰ εἶναι τῶν τοιούτων, τὰ δὲ τῷ ποιητικὰ ἢ παθητικὰ εἶναι τῶν τοιούτων, ἢ ποιοῦντα ἢ πάσχοντα, ἢ ἀποβολαὶ ἢ λήψεις, ἢ ἕξεις ἢ στερήσεις [35] εἶναι τῶν τοιούτων.	Alia vero contraria dicuntur haec quidem in talia habere, alia in talium susceptiva esse, alia in activa aut passiva esse talium, aut agentia aut patientia, aut abiectiones ↵ aut acceptiones, aut habitus aut privationes esse talium.	The other things that are called contrary are so called, some because they possess contraries of the above kind, some because they are receptive of such, some because they are productive of or susceptible to such, or are producing or suffering them, or are losses or acquisitions, or possessions or privations, of such.
ἐπεὶ δὲ τὸ ἓν καὶ τὸ ὂν πολλαχῶς λέγεται, ἀκολουθεῖν ἀνάγκη καὶ τἆλλα ὅσα κατὰ ταῦτα λέγεται, ὥστε καὶ τὸ ταὐτὸν καὶ τὸ ἕτερον καὶ τὸ ἐναντίον, ὥστ᾽ εἶναι ἕτερον καθ᾽ ἑκάστην κατηγορίαν.	Quoniam autem ens et unum multipliciter dicitur, sequi est necesse et alia quaecumque secundum haec dicuntur, quare et idem et diversum et contrarium, ut sit diversum secundum unamquamquae cathegoriam.	Since one and being have many senses, the other terms which are derived from these, and therefore same , other , and contrary , must correspond, so that they must be different for each category.
τερα δὲ τῷ εἴδει λέγεται ὅσα τε ταὐτοῦ γένους ὄντα μὴ ὑπάλληλά ἐστι, [1018β] [1] καὶ ὅσα ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ γένει ὄντα διαφορὰν ἔχει, καὶ ὅσα ἐν τῇ οὐσίᾳ ἐναντίωσιν ἔχει: καὶ τὰ ἐναντία ἕτερα τῷ εἴδει ἀλλήλων ἢ πάντα ἢ τὰ λεγόμενα πρώτως, καὶ ὅσων ἐν τῷ [5] τελευταίῳ τοῦ γένους εἴδει οἱ λόγοι ἕτεροι (οἷον ἄνθρωπος καὶ ἵππος ἄτομα τῷ γένει οἱ δὲ λόγοι ἕτεροι αὐτῶν), καὶ ὅσα ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ οὐσίᾳ ὄντα ἔχει διαφοράν. ταὐτὰ δὲ τῷ εἴδει τὰ ἀντικειμένως λεγόμενα τούτοις.	↵ Diversa vero specie dicuntur quaecumque eiusdem generis existentia non sub invicem sunt, et quaecumque in eodem genere existentia differentiam habent, et quaecumque in substantia contrarietatem habent; et contraria diversa sunt specie ab invicem aut omnia aut dicta primum, et quorumcumque in ↵ finali generis specie rationes diverse (ut homo et equus individua genere et rationes eorum diverse), et quaecumque in eadem substantia entia differentiam habent. Eadem vero specie opposite hiis dicta.	The term other in species is applied to things which being of the same genus are not subordinate the one to the [18b] other, or which being in the same genus have a difference, or which have a contrariety in their substance; and contraries are other than one another in species (either all contraries or those which are so called in the primary sense), and so are those things whose definitions differ in the infima species of the genus (e.g. man and horse are indivisible in genus, but their definitions are different), and those which being in the same substance have a difference. The same in species has the various meanings opposite to these.