Translations into medieval Latin

Earliest translations

Earliest translations of Greek, Hebrew, and Arabic works into Latin (from The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Philosophy, ed. A. S. McGrade, Cambridge 2003, p.44).

Column 1	Column 2	Column 3	Column 4	Column 5
Author	Work	Translator	Date	Modern editions
Plato	Timaeus	Calodius	c. 400
Aristotle	Categories	Boethius	c. 510-22	Authors/Boethius/categories
	De interpretatione	Boethius	c. 510-22	Authors/Boethius/Periherm
	Prior Analytics	Boethius	c. 510-22	Authors/Boethius/TrPA
	Posterior Analytics	James of Venice	? 1125-50	Analytica posteriora. Translationes Iacobi, edd. L. Minio-Paluello et B.G. Dod, Desclée De Brouwer, Bruges-Paris 1968.
	Topics	Boethius	c. 510-22
	Sophistical Refutations	Boethius	c. 510-22
	Physics	James of Venice	? 1125-50	Physica, Translatio Vetus, edd. F. Bossier et J. Brams
	De anima	James of Venice	? 1125-50
	Metaphysics (nearly complete)	Michael Scot	c. 1220-24
	Nicomachean Ethics (complete)	Robert Grosseteste	• 1246-47
	Politics	William of Moerbeke	• 1260
Porphyry	Introduction (isagoge)	Boethius	c. 510-22	Authors/Porphyry/isagoge
Proclus	Elements of Theology	William of Moerbeke	1268
Anonymous	Liber de causis (drawn from Proclus)	Gerard of Cremona	before 1187
Ps.-Dionysius	Mystical Treatises	Scottus Eriugena	862
Ibn Sina (Avicenna)	Metaphysics [Book of Healing IV)	Dominicus Gundisalvi	after 1150
	De anima (Book of Healing III.6)	Ibn Daoud and Dominicus Gundisalvi	after 1152
Ihn Cabirol	Fountain of Life	Iohannes Hispanus and Dominicus Gundisalvi	after 1152
Maimonides	Guide for the Perplexed	Anonymous	c. 1230
Ibn Rushd (Averroes)	Great Commentary on Aristotle's Physics	Michael Scot	c. 1220-35
	Great Commentary on Aristotle's De anima	Michael Scot	c.1220-24
	Great Commentary on Aristotle's Metaphysics	Michael Scot	c.1220-24
	Middle Commentary on Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics	Herman the German	? 1240

The Metaphysics

It was only in the early 13th century, when Michael Scot translated the Arabic version contained in Averroe's Long Commentary on the Metaphysics (the so-called Metaphysica Nova), that the text became fully available in the Latin West, some time after a tradition of commentaries on the Categories had been established. Most of the early English commentaries are based on the Metaphysica Nova.

• Metaphysica Vetustissima, ascribed to James of Venice. See Aristoteles Latinus XXV. Contains only the first four books. A highly literal translation, even down to the word order. Although he sometimes translates the same Greek word with different Latin words, he systematically translates the key terms in a fixed way, sometimes deferring to Boethius's vocabulary.
• Metaphysica Vetus, probably a revision of James's translation.
• Metaphysica Media, also known as Translatio anonyma. A second translation from the Greek (the Translatio Media) seems to have been used by Albert the Great as the basis of his commentary.” See Aristoteles Latinus XXV. It contains lib. I-X, XII-XIV. The translation is anonymous, but a close relationship has been demonstrated between the Media and the Translatio Vaticana of the Physics", an anonymous translation dating back probably to the second half of the 12th century. Reading 'Canoniensis' as 'Cremononsis', Minio-Paluello tentatively ascribes it to Gerard of Cremona (d.1187), best known as a translator from Arabic into Latin. See "Latin Medieval Translations of Aristotle's Metaphysics", Marta Borgo, Amerini & Galluzzo 2013 p. 37 ff.
• Metaphysica Nova: Aristotle's text taken from the translation of Averroes' commentary, probably by Michael Scot, 1220s. The first complete translation of the Metaphysics.