Authors/Ockham/Summa Logicae/Book I/Chapter 31

Latin	English
[CAP. 31. DE ISTO TERMINO 'PRAEDICATUM']	[Chapter 31.  On the term 'predicate']
(1) Sicut subiectum dicitur illa pars propositionis quae praecedit copulam, ita illa pars propositionis quae sequitur copulam dicitur praedicatum. Volunt tamen aliqui quod praedicatum est copula cum illo quod sequitur copulam. sed quia ista controversia dependet ex significato vocabuli, quod ad placitum est utentium, ideo de hoc nunc pertranseo.	Just as the ‘subject’ is that part of a proposition which precedes the copula is called, so that part of a proposition which follows the copula is the ‘predicate’. Yet some persons want to say that the predicate is the copula together with what follows it. But, because this controversy depends on the signification of the word ‘predicate’, which is a convention of the users, therefore I pass over it now.
(2) Et qualitercumque dicatur praedicatum, multipliciter accipitur. Uno modo omne illud quod est alterum extremum propositionis et non est subiectum; et sic quilibet terminus potest esse praedicatum qui praedicari potest in propositione vera vel falsa.	And in whatever way ‘predicate’ is meant, it is understood in many ways. In one way, as everything that is the one extreme of a proposition and is not the subject, and in this way, every term that can be predicated in a true or false proposition can be a predicate.
(3) Aliter accipitur praedicatum quod praedicatur in propositione vera in qua est directa praedicatio. Et sic 'animal' est praedicatum respectu 'hominis' sed non respectu 'lapidis'.	In another sense, ‘predicate’ is understood as what is predicated in a true proposition in which there is direct predication. And in this sense, ‘animal’ is a predicate with respect to ‘man’, but not with respect to ‘stone’.
(4) Tertio dicitur praedicatum illud quod praedicatur de aliquo subiecto praedicatione directa, de quo subiecto potest esse scientia proprie dicta. Et sic accipit Philosophus praedicatum I Topicorum', ubi distinguit quatuor praedicata, scilicet genus, definitionem, proprium et accidens, et sub genere comprehendit differentiam. Ubi non enumeratur species, quia quamvis species praedicetur de individuis, quia tamen individua non possunt esse subiecta in propositionibus scitis scientia proprie dicta, ideo inter illa praedicata species non enumeratur.	In a third sense, a ‘predicate’ is what is predicated of some subject by direct predication, of which subject there can be scientific knowledge properly so called. The Philosopher takes ‘predicate’ in this sense in Topics I, where he distinguishes four kinds of predicate, namely genus, definition, property and accident (and includes differentia under genus). Here, species is not enumerated because, although a species is predicated of individuals, yet because individuals cannot be the subjects in propositions known by scientific knowledge properly so-called, therefore species is not counted among such predicates.
(5) Copula autem vocatur verbum copulans praedicatum cum subiecto.	Now the verb that joins the predicate with the subject is called the ‘copula’.