Authors/Ockham/Summa Logicae/Book I/Chapter 32

Latin	English
[CAP. 32. QUOMODO PRAEDICATUM DICITUR INESSE SUBIECTO?]	[Chapter 32. In what way is the predicate said to inhere in the subject?]
Sicut autem praedicatum praedicatur de subiecto, ita dicimus praedicatum esse in subiecto, et praedicatum convenire subiecto, et praedicatum inesse subiecto, et praedicatum inhaerere subiecto. Quae non sunt intelligenda ac si praedicatum poneretur realiter inhaerere subiecto, illo modo quo albedo inest parieti, sed omnia talia significant idem quod 'praedicari', nec aliter accipienda sunt nisi pro 'praedicari'. Et isto modo omnia accidentia, quae sunt novem praedicamenta, possunt dici esse in substantia sicut in subiecto, non quidem per realem inhaerentiam, secundum opinionem multorum, sed per praedicationem veram.	And just the predicate is predicated of the subject, so we say that the predicate is ‘in’ the subject, and that the predicate ‘belongs’ to the subject, and that the predicate ‘inheres in’ the subject. These should not be understood as if the predicate were really supposed to inhere in the subject, in the way in which whiteness inheres in a wall, but rather all such things signify the same as ‘to be predicated’, nor should they be understood in any other way but ‘to be predicated’. And in this way, all accidents, which have nine categories, can be said to be in a substance as in a subject, not of course by real inherence, according to the opinion of many, but rather through true predication.
Sic enim quantitas est accidens, secundum opinionem aliquorum, et est in substantia, non quia semper inhaeret realiter ipsi substantiae, sed quia contingenter praedicatur de substantia, ita quod substantia permanente est haec vera, secundum aliquos, 'substantia est quantitas' et eadem permanente poterit esse falsa.	For in this way quantity is an accident, according to the opinion of some, and is in substance, not because it always really inheres in substance itself, but because it is contingently predicated of substance, so that with the substance remaining, ‘substance is a quantity’ is true, according to some, and with the same thing remaining, it could be false.
Consimiliter talia vocabula 'advenire', 'recedere', 'accedere', 'adesse', 'abesse' frequenter pro 'praedicari' accipiuntur. Sic enim dicit venerabilis Anselmus, Monologion, cap. 25: "Omnium quippe quae accidentia dicuntur, quaedam nonnisi cum aliqua participantis variatione adesse vel abesse posse intelliguntur, ut omnes colores; alia nullam omnino accedendo vel recedendo mutationem circa illud de quo dicuntur efficere noscuntur, ut quaedam relationes". Ubi Anselmus accipit 'adesse' et 'abesse', 'accedere' et 'recedere' pro 'praedicari'. Sic etiam 'participare' apud logicos accipitur pro 'subici'.	In a similar way, such words as ‘arrive’, ‘recede’, ‘approach’, ‘be present’, ‘be absent’ are frequently understood for ‘to be predicated’. For thus speaks the venerable Anselm: “For, of all the things called accidents, some are understood not to be present or absent without some variation in the subject of the accident—all colors, for instance, while others are known not to effect any change in a thing either by occurring or not occurring—certain relations, for instance”. Here, Anselm understands ‘to be present’, ‘to be absent’ and ‘not occurring’ for ‘to be predicated’. So also ‘participate’ is understood, among logicans, as ‘to be the subject’.